Text | whale
Source | Medical Endocrine Channel
First, the magic: afraid of diabetes? Just take a photo and know!
Key point
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have recently been thought to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk of death. A Dutch study involving more than 70,000 participants used skin autofluorescence to detect levels of AGEs in the body, and found that participants with higher levels of AGEs had a correspondingly increased risk, a non-invasive means that could be used Screen for these diseases in public places.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, with the number of patients expected to reach 650 million by 2040, and cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of increased diabetes mortality. In the past, in order to predict these diseases, it is often necessary to take blood, take a needle, and measure blood glucose and other indicators in the blood, but recently a study from the Netherlands developed a "black technology" - diabetes? Just take a look and know if there is any!
Recent studies have shown that patients with type 2 diabetes have higher levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which can cause the skin to emit higher levels of autofluorescence (SAF) and pass some Some instruments detected this change. This feature makes it possible to detect the level of this substance non-invasively through the skin.
The cohort study from the Netherlands was published in Diabetologia, the journal of the European Diabetes Association, which included more than 70,000 participants and followed up for an average of 4 years. The study found that this non-invasive means may be used to screen for predicting type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other related death risks. In the study, 1056 participants (1.4%) were later diagnosed with T2D, 1258 (1.7%) were diagnosed with CVD, and 928 participants (1.3%) died during follow-up.
The study found that for every 1 unit increase in skin autofluorescence, the risk of corresponding T2D or CVD increased by a factor of three, and the risk of death increased by a factor of five. After adjusting for confounding factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, blood glucose, and HbA1c, the risk of T2D, CVD, and death increased by 26%, 33%, and 96% for each unit of skin autofluorescence, indicating that this method is effective. Predict these diseases.
Professor Bruce Wolffenbuttel of Rijks universiteit Groningen, one of the authors, said: This is the first prospective study of the relationship between AEGs-related skin autofluorescence and the risk of these diseases. This rapid, non-invasive technique may Will be used outside the hospital or in public places, such as supermarkets, pharmacies, etc., initially estimated the risk of diseases such as T2D, CVD - this black technology, no pain, and convenient, may actually want to weigh the weight It!
Second, distressed: fat, poor reading, but also can not enter the university!
Key point
A recent systematic review of 16 studies showed that 6/6 cross-sectional studies and 8/10 longitudinal studies reported that obese students had poor academic performance; 3/4 studies showed that obese students entered college and their enrollment rate declined. Six out of eight studies have shown less likelihood of college graduation; five out of nine studies have shown that obesity has a greater impact on women's educational achievement. Obese students do not perform as well as healthy students in higher education, which may be affected by many factors.
Too fat will affect learning? Previous studies have found that obese children and adolescents may be disadvantaged in learning, but this relationship is not certain. A systematic review recently published in the International Journal of Obesity provides a comprehensive review of research in this area, pointing out that obese students do not perform as well as healthy weight students at least in higher education, and this difference may be related to weight-related stigma. related.
The researchers retrieved 1,297 studies from various databases, and finally included 16 studies through layer-by-layer screening, of which 6 were cross-sectional studies and 10 were longitudinal studies. 6/6 cross-sectional studies and 8/10 longitudinal studies reported that obese students had worse academic performance than healthy students. Even though no differences in performance during school hours were found, the remaining two longitudinal studies also indicated a significant reduction in the number of years of obesity education.
Three out of four studies have shown that obese people have lower college enrollment rates, and the only exception is that although there is no difference in undergraduate enrollment rates, it is noted that obese people are less likely to be admitted to postgraduate studies. After entering the university, 6/8 studies showed that obese students were less likely to graduate from college. In addition, 5/9 studies have shown that obesity has a greater impact on women's educational achievement.
Researchers know very little about the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, but they believe that conscious/unconsciously feeling the stigma attached to weight may be one of the important reasons, but there may be other explanations. However, what we can do now is to avoid weight-related discrimination and promote health on campus.
Third, look forward to: play a combination of boxing, blocking metabolic diseases!
Key point
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are big challenges for people. Treatment does not reverse the disease in most individuals and does not significantly reduce the prevalence of the disease, which means we need more effective treatments. The review summarizes the advances in combination therapy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes over the past 10 years, with particular attention to macromolecules (eg, enteroendocrine peptides, proteins).
Modern people eat more and move less, and it is easy to have excess energy and fat accumulation. More and more people are fattening accidentally, followed by type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases. It is hard to say. Not that I want to be fat, it is too much temptation for calories! So people turned to find treatments for obesity. However, most treatments are not difficult to adhere to, or the effect is not significant enough.
A drug can't work, then let's try a combination punch? A recent review published in Nature Reviews Endocrinology summarizes the progress of combination therapy for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases over the past decade, pointing out the following points:
For metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, safe and effective treatments have not been achieved;
Treatment of metabolic diseases may require simultaneous targeting of multiple signaling pathways to achieve significant improvements in body weight and glucose metabolism;
Several agonists based on peptide chain and peptide-small molecule conjugates targeting multiple signaling pathways have emerged, showing good preclinical effects;
Studying interventions in the neural circuit to reduce weight should also increase the focus on therapies that prevent weight rebound;
New hormone-linked drug therapies for metabolic diseases must undergo careful cardiovascular safety assessment.
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