How to eat diabetes? Director of Nutrition Department tells you

Sorting up Cao Gongzi

Source, medical endocrine channel

Many people with diabetes have such doubts. After eating the disease, they are slightly indulgent, their blood sugar is soaring, they don't dare to eat after the blood sugar rises, and they become hypoglyc with carelessly. Therefore, how to make a reasonable diet for patients with diabetes becomes a patient. And the family's most concerned issues. Let us take a look at how the director of the Clinical Nutrition Department of the Sixth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University recommended it.

Recommendation 1: Reasonable diet, eating balance, controlling blood sugar

1. Scientific diet, regular exercise, and good lifestyle

Scientists abroad have conducted randomized controlled trials of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for more than 10 years to study whether scientific diet and reasonable exercise have an impact on type 2 diabetes and its complications. The results showed that the lifestyle intervention group (1200-1800 kcal of food per day, 175 min of moderate-intensity training per week) showed a significant decrease in body weight within one year. Although the body weight recovered after one year, the overall body weight was still thinner than the control group. It is worth noting that the study found that the intervention group did not matter how the exercise type, no matter how the type of exercise, as long as the weekly 175 minutes of exercise can significantly reduce abdominal fat, but if you want to reduce blood sugar more effectively, you need Perform high-intensity exercise [1].

2. Maintain a healthy weight, prevent obesity and weight loss

The incidence of muscle reduction in the 60-70 year old population is 5% to 13%, and the incidence of 80 years old and above can reach 11% to 50%. Older T2DM is more prone to skeletal muscle loss, and the incidence of muscle attenuating syndrome is significantly higher than that of healthy controls. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight and increasing muscle mass are especially important for the elderly.

Of course, while protecting muscle mass, it is also important to prevent obesity and weight loss. Studies have shown that if the annual weight loss exceeds 15kg, T2DM can be effectively alleviated [2]. However, remember that you should not be too thin, and the risk of death in elderly people with low weight and weight will increase significantly. A study of elderly people in Japan showed that when the BMI was less than 18.5 kg/m2, the risk of death increased significantly, and older patients over 75 years of age were more pronounced [3].

Recommendation 2: Quantitative staple food, coarse and fine mix, whole grains, miscellaneous beans account for 1/3

1. Staple food, on-demand intake

2. Whole grains, beans account for one-third of the staple food intake

Studies have shown that long-term intake of brown rice is more conducive to lowering HbA1c than white rice, which is conducive to blood sugar control. Compared with ordinary diet, oatmeal has no significant effect on postprandial blood glucose and insulin . Although it has no outstanding contribution to the control of blood sugar, it has obvious effect on blood lipid control [4].

Recommendation 3: Eat more vegetables, the right amount of fruit, more types, colors

1. The meal has fresh vegetables and the cooking method is proper.

2. Daily vegetable intake is about 500 grams, dark vegetables account for 1/2

3. Choose the right amount of low glycemic index fruit between meals

Studies have shown that total intake of vegetables and fruits is negatively correlated with HbA1c. Moreover, the more hypoglycemic index (GI) fruit intake, the more significant the decline in HbA1c [5]. Therefore, between the two meals should choose low GI fruit as a meal.

Recommendation 4: Eat fish and poultry, eggs and livestock should be appropriate, limit the processing of meat

1. Eat fish and poultry, moderate amount of meat, reduce fat intake

Long-term intake of red meat will increase the risk of diabetes, and eating processed meat will also increase the risk of illness.

2. Eat less smoked, baked, marinated and other processed meat products

3. No more than four eggs per week, no egg yolk

Recommendation 5: Milk beans are available every day, snacks and meals are reasonable choices

1. About 300g of liquid milk or a considerable amount of dairy products per day

2. Pay attention to the intake of soybeans and their products

3. Snacks and meals can choose nuts

The daily diet consisting of 56g of almonds reduces total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Other nuts are also helpful in controlling blood sugar. Studies have shown that after a period of pistachio intake, the experimental group's HbA1c decreased significantly compared with the control group. It is worth noting that although the nuts are good, the calories are not low, so the intake needs to be recorded in the calories needed for the day.

Recommendation 6: Light diet, plenty of water, limit drinking

1. Cooking, pay less oil and less salt

2. Drink plenty of boiled water and drink light tea or coffee in moderation.

3. Do not recommend patients to drink alcohol

Recommendation seven: regular quantitative, chewing slowly, pay attention to the order of meals

1. Timely quantitative meals, meal schedules depending on the condition

2. Control the speed of eating, chewing slowly

Eating too fast is closely related to weight gain, overweight and obesity, and it also increases the risk of developing T2DM.

3. It is recommended to adjust the order of eating, to develop the habit of eating vegetables first and finally eating staple foods.

A short-term intervention study showed that compared with the order of eating vegetables/chives after eating the staple food, the order of eating the staple food after eating vegetables/chives firstly, the postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels were significantly lower than those of the staple food group. If you eat vegetables and eat leek for a long time, the order of eating the staple food can significantly reduce the blood sugar and HbA1c after T2DM meal, and reduce the blood sugar fluctuation level [6].

Recommendation 8: Focus on self-management and receive individualized nutrition guidance on a regular basis

1. Diet control, moderate physical activity, medication according to doctor's advice, blood sugar monitoring, foot care and prevention of hypoglycemia